Nanoencapsulation of clove oil and study of physicochemical properties, cytotoxic, hemolytic, and antioxidant activities

The therapeutic properties of clove oil are well known, however, the pungent nature, chemical instability, and low water solubility impose limitations in harnessing its potential. Nanoemulsion (CON) was prepared to overcome above constraints. non-ionic surfactants Tween 20, 40, 80 with hydrophile lipophile balance (HLB) 16.7, 15.6, 15, respectively, were used stabilize CON. creaming index CON 22.75, 17.5, 1.5%, after 8 days storage at room temperature. 20 40 produced particles >300 nm while ~150 nm. Transmission electron microscopic image spray-dried (with 80) showed range 150–190 vitro release studies 76 42% cumulative native (NC), pH 7.4. cellular toxicity significantly reduced by fourfold compared NC a concentration 60 μg/ml when tested on CaCO2 cells. Similarly, hemolytic activity red blood cells revealed less than 10% hemolysis. In addition, also exhibited higher in-vitro antioxidant as shown 1, 1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2′-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate (6)] (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Practical application study highlights development nanoemulsion using cost-effective, commercially important polysaccharide (maltodextrin) surfactant for increased bioactivity. nanoparticle high retention (95%) small particle size even 1 month biological signify compatibility nutraceutical applications because cytotoxicity (fourfold reduction), activity, anti-oxidant property. nanoparticles can replace oil/microencapsulated food product due their dispersibility loading content (25% dry weight basis).